A forward-looking and comprehensive European immigration policy, based on solidarity, is a key objective for the European Union. Immigration policy is intended to establish a balanced approach to dealing with both regular and irregular immigration.
EUR-Lex is your online gateway to EU Law. It provides the official and most comprehensive access to EU legal documents. It is available in all of the EU’s 24 official languages and is updated daily.
Journal of Identity and Migration Studies (JIMS)
International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD)
Migration is a global, cross-regional and transnational concept. In order to ensure the best possible results in its work, ICMPD’s structure is decentralised and based on the principle of worldwide mobility. ICMPD’s Headquarters is located in Vienna. Alongside the Mission in Brussels, it has a leading role in steering the organisation. There are 28 field-and project offices under the coordination of Regional Offices across ICMPD’s five priority regions.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is a global organization dedicated to saving lives, protecting rights and building a better future for people forced to flee their homes because of conflict and persecution. We lead international action to protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people. (...)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Established in 1951, IOM is the leading intergovernmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. With 175 member states, a further 8 states holding observer status and offices in over 100 countries, IOM is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. It does so by providing services and advice to governments and migrants. (...)
An EU Sustainable Migration: Institutional Discourse and Migration Politics; Alezini Loxa; Journal of common market studies; 2025-01; Volume 63; Issue 1; pp.143-159
From 2015 to 2016 onwards, migration has been subjected to intense political contestation within EU Member States. In this context, sustainable migration has become the new overarching objective of the Commission. Despite the various references to sustainable migration, a closer investigation of EU migration law and policy does not provide a coherent picture of the legal implications of this concept. This article examines the links between sustainability and migration in EU law and policy and suggests that sustainable migration should be perceived as a political concept that was central for EU migration politics following the so‐called migration crisis. Sustainable migration is a powerful tool at the hands of the Commission and has been used to forge consensus between Member States that might profoundly disagree on the future of EU migration. At the same time, the concept offers little guidance in terms of legal obligations for the protection of migrants.
When (EU) Migration Came to Great Yarmouth; Catherine Bernard, Fiona Costello; Contemporary social science; 2023; Volume 18; Issue 2; pp. 1-18
This article examines the impact of EU migration on Great Yarmouth, a coastal town in Norfolk, England. Great Yarmouth had the fifth highest ‘leave’ vote nationally in the UK Brexit referendum, at over 70%. In this article, we want to show that Great Yarmouth has always been a town of migration but the sudden arrival of large numbers of EU nationals, exercising their free movement rights, in a relatively short space of time has created divisions in the town, divisions which may take decades to heal. Using legal geography as a prism, we offer an insight into the complex and evolving realities of European integration – and resistance to it. We argue that because EU free movement is a process, not an event, it has long-term effects, effects which have not, to-date, been fully recognised and explored. What we observe in Great Yarmouth is that free movement has, at best, been unevenly experienced by both movers and stayers and, at worst, has a divisive effect on the local community. Only by understanding the experience of migration on a particular community over time can the impact of free movement be properly understood, its consequences continuing long after Brexit.
New Pact on Migration and Asylum: Another Step in the EU Migration-Security Continuum or Preservation of the Status Quo?; Maciej Stępka; Bialystok Legal Studies; 2023; Volume 28; Number 1; pp. 23-37
In 2020 the New Pact on Migration and Asylum was presented as a normalization of EU migration, asylum and border management policies in the EU, a much-needed reform which is supposed to strike a balance between security, solidarity and protection of human lives. Th e aim of this article is to investigate to what extent the proposed reform is changing the modes and trajectories of the securitization of migration in the EU. In doing so, it focuses on specifi c security logics promoted in the text, discussing how diff erent iterations of security are strengthened and/or marginalized in the EU securitizing framework. Building on the approach of ‘securitization as the work of framing’, the article indicates that the pact has strengthened the risk-management and resilience-centred security logics while at the same time downplaying the role of humanitarianism. It also reveals a strong role for ‘exceptionality’ as a security logic, which has gained prominence especially in relation to crisis management and a wider application of militarized and robust measures.
Development as Non-Migration? Examining Normative and Policy Coherence in EU External Action on Migration and Development; Alexandra Berger; Development policy review; June 2022; Volume 40; Issue S1; pp. 1-16
Motivation Within the efforts of the European Union (EU) to govern migration, the nexus between migration and development has moved centre stage. Analysing how the EU has approached the migration–development nexus in its foreign policy from the perspective of policy coherence for development (PCD) allows this study to examine how far the EU migration–development nexus is coherent at the policy and normative level. Purpose How does the EU conceptualize PCD? To what extent does the EU's external action in the migration–development nexus strengthen or undermine its normative commitment to coherence for development? Methods and approach This article develops a conceptual framework of overall coherence for development, which consists of: (a) policy coherence; and (b) normative coherence for development. Both aspects are analysed through a qualitative content analysis of 18 expert interviews and EU policy documents. (...)
The Never‐Ending Road Towards the CEAS: Utopia, Teleology, and Depoliticisation in EU Asylum Policies; Lorenzo Vianelli; Social inclusion; 2022; Volume 10; Issue 3; pp. 48-57
This article explores the temporal dimension of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) by exposing its teleological character and the effects of the latter on the governance of asylum in the European Union. Drawing on EU policy documents, the article shows how the CEAS has been presented since its inception as a teleology, that is, a process that is inexorably unfolding towards a specific outcome to be reached in an indefinite time in the future. The outcome consists in the establishment of a common area of protection constituted by a level playing field in which asylum seekers and beneficiaries of international protection will be treated alike regardless of the place of residence. Such a teleological narrative informing the CEAS paves the way to overly optimistic expectations on the possibilities of implementation, which in turn result in an overestimation of the potential of harmonisation. (...)
Breaking the Legal Link but not the Law? The Externalization of EU Migration Control Through Orchestration in the Central Mediterranean; Patrick Müller, Peter Slominski; Journal European public policy; 2021; Volume 28; Issue 6; p. 801-820
Transcending the established problem-solving perspective, this article proposes a novel conceptualization of orchestration as a strategy to escape legal responsibility. To test our conceptual argument, we study the case of EU migration governance vis-à-vis Libya in the Central Mediterranean. We show how legal constraints stemming from the 2012 Hirsi judgement of the ECtHR drove the EU from direct extraterritorial border operation to indirect orchestration via Libyan authorities. The EU used the orchestration techniques ‘assistance’, ‘endorsement’, ‘convening’ and ‘coordination’ to establish Libyan authorities like the coast guard as central intermediaries in the field of border patrol and search and rescue. These orchestration strategies increasingly replaced EU operations on the ground, thus posing new challenges for human rights protection.
Border Procedures in the Commission’s New Pact on Migration and Asylum: A Case of Politics Outplaying Rationality?; Galina Cornelisse, Marcelle Reneman; European law journal; 2020; Volume 26; Issue 3-4; pp. 181-198
This article demonstrates that the role of the European Commission in the area of asylum policy is characterised by an imbalance between politicisation and rationality. Politicisation of the role of the Commission is especially visible in its proposals for border procedures in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. We show that the efficiency and effectiveness of these proposals are not supported by evidence or a thorough assessment of past EU action, as required by Better Regulation. The result is that they fail to address the structural problems that exist with regard to the implementation and application of EU law at external borders. The broken balance between politicisation and rationality in the legislative process leads to a prioritisation of security over freedom and justice. We argue that it needs to be compensated by a stronger role of the judiciary
Variation in Asylum, Migration and Border Control; Ernst Hirsch Ballin, Emina Ćerimović, Huub Dijstelbloem, Mathieu Segers
In
European Variations as a Key to Cooperation
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Challenges to Enforcement EU External Border Security; Svajūnė Ungurytė-Ragauskienė; pp. 97-103
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Not there yet: Family reunification for beneficiaries of international; Charlotte Labrosse, Eleonora Testi; AIDA Report; 2023
EU pact on migration and asylum: State of play; Costica Dumbrava, Katrien Luyten, Anita Orav and Anja Radjenovic; European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS); February 2024
In 2016, with unprecedented numbers of irregular migrants and asylum-seekers arriving in the EU, the European Commission proposed a package of reforms to the common European asylum system (CEAS). In June 2018, a broad provisional agreement was reached between the European Parliament and the presidency of the Council of the EU on several of the reform proposals. However, the agreement did not get the necessary support from the Member States. The reform stalled owing to persistent disagreements among the Member States on how to apply the principle of solidarity in practice and share their responsibilities in the area of asylum in a fair manner. In September 2020, the Commission sought to revive the reform by putting forward a new pact on migration and asylum, offering a comprehensive approach aimed at strengthening and integrating key EU policies on migration, asylum and border management. The pact builds on and amends the previous reform proposals.(…)
Common approach on return policy; Costica Dumbrava, Anja Radjenovic; European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS); October 2024
An effective return policy to remove from the EU third-country nationals who do not have the right to stay on EU territory requires common rules and procedures in the EU Member States. These must be implemented in accordance with fundamental rights obligations and with the principle of non refoulement. A robust framework for cooperation with third countries that are willing to accept returnees is also necessary Efforts to increase the number of returns have been a feature of EU migration policy for the past 20 years. Since the 2015 peak in arrivals of asylum-seekers and irregular migrants, the EU and its Member States have stepped up efforts to build a more efficient return policy. Broad changes have been made to the internal and external dimensions of EU return policy, including strengthening the EU legislative framework for return and putting operational and practical tools in place. However, the return of third-country nationals remains a challenge, as only about one in three people who are ordered to leave the EU are effectively returned to a third country. The limited effectiveness of return policy is due to several challenges that the EU and Member States face when carrying out return procedures. (...)
Solidarity in EU Asylum Policy; Micaela Del Monte, Anita Orav; European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS); January 2023
The arrival of refugees and irregular migrants in the EU in unprecedented numbers in 2015 exposed a number of deficiencies in the EU's external border, asylum and migration policy, and sparked EU action through various legal and policy instruments. Today, even though the EU has been relatively successful in securing its external borders, curbing irregular migrant arrivals and increasing cooperation with third countries, Member States are still reluctant to show solidarity and do more to share responsibility for asylum-seekers. Turmoil in Africa and the Middle East, and now the war in Ukraine, are forcing more and more people to flee violence and seek a safe haven in Europe. (...)
Child Migrants: Irregular Entry and Asylum; Maria Díaz Crego, Györgyi Mácsai; European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS); February 2022
The number of migrant children has been rising globally since the turn of the century. According to estimates by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, in 2020, 35.5million children were living outside their country of birth, 11.5 million more than in 2000. Child migration takes many forms, from regular family reunification to forced and traumatic migration. This infographic focuses exclusively on forced and irregular movements of migrant children to the EU.
EU in the World/Migration Citizens’ Recommendations and the EU Context: Panel 4 of the Conference on the Future of Europe; Georgios Amanatidis, Carolina Apicella, Matteo Ciucci et al.; Policy Department, Directorates-General for External Policies (EXPO) and Internal Polices (IPOL); March 2022
As part of the Conference on the Future of Europe, 800 citizens debated their ideas for the European Union in four thematic panels. The citizens involved in Panel 4 considered the possibilities for two related themes: the EU in the world and migration. This publication presents their recommendations, as well as a selection of related European Parliament resolutions and EU legislation, funding programmes and other activities. These background elements are not exhaustive, but have been selected to provide contextual material. For some wide-ranging recommendations, the background material focuses on the most prominent aspects of the proposal. This paper was requested by Guy Verhofstadt, the Chair of the European Parliament’s delegation to the Conference on the Future of Europe, on behalf of the delegation.
Instrumentalisation in the Field of Migration and Asylum; Maria Margarita Mentzelopoulou; European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS); November 2022
In 2021, Aleksandr Lukashenko's Belarusian regime began actively attracting migrants from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen and other countries, before encouraging and even forcing them to cross the borders into the European Union. This put pressure on the neighbouring countries of Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, and was the Belarusian regime's response to EU sanctions imposed following the regime's rigging of elections in 2020 and violent repression of civil society in 2021. In December 2021, the European Commission presented a proposal for a regulation addressing situations of instrumentalisation in the field of migration and asylum, coupled with a proposal amending the Schengen Borders Code (SBC), to define the instrumentalisation of migrants. The proposal was initiated following the increasing role of state actors in the facilitation of irregular migration, using certain migratory flows as a tool for political purposes. The main changes the proposal brings include extending registration periods for asylum applications, applying the border procedure to all asylum claims, limiting reception conditions to meet only basic needs, and expediting return procedures.
EU Migration and Asylum Funds for Third Countries; Catherine Woollard, Josephine Liebl, Laura Davis, Estela Casajuana; European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE); December 2022
This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, provides an overview of EU funding for asylum and migration in third countries. It considers funding both from the Justice and Home Affairs funds and the external action funds, covering the previous Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) (2014-2020) and the current MFF (2021-2027) funding periods. The study seeks to identify good practice in EU funding, including but not limited to the two country case studies on Afghanistan and Niger. It proposes a set of recommendations to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, coherence and transparency of EU funding.
EU External Migration Policy and the Protection of Human Rights; Violeta Moreno-Lax; European Parliament, Directorate-General for External Policies (DG EXPO); September 2020
This in-depth analysis focuses on the human rights implications of EU external migration policy interventions: (1) identifying human rights obligations owed to third-country nationals when engaging in cooperation with third countries and non-EU actors; (2) assessing the means and level of compliance with these obligations when designing and implementing the main policy instruments; and (3) determining the existence and adequacy of operational, reporting, monitoring and accountability mechanisms available in each case to track and respond to potential violations. Particular attention is paid to soft-law tools, on account of their enhanced potential to erode the enforceability of obligations, to downgrade democratic accountability and generally undermine the rule of law. (...)
More from European Parliament Think Tank on EU Policy on Migration and Asylum
The content of all documents contained in the Think Tank website is the sole responsibility of the author and any opinions expressed therein do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. It is addressed to the Members and staff of the EP for their parliamentary work.
Legislative Train: New Policy on Legal Migration
The ‘Legislative Train Schedule’ website – offering a detailed state-of-play on upcoming initiatives, legislative proposals and procedures already finalised, as well as issues blocked or files withdrawn – continues to present new European Commission initiatives using the railway image. The aim is to facilitate the followup by all Members, Parliament staff and a broader public audience of the legislative and non-legislative activity of the EU institutions.
Council of the European Union and the European Council in the area of home affairs
This page gives an overview of the latest and upcoming meetings, press releases and policies related to the work of the Council of the European Union and the European Council in the area of home affairs. Topics under home affairs include: migration and asylum, border management, police cooperation; the fight against terrorism and crime, civil protection. Topics under home affairs include: migration and asylum, border management, police cooperation; the fight against terrorism and crime, civil protection.
Council infographics on home affaires
Graphic visual representations of information
Frontex, European Border and Coast Guard Agency
Frontex, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, supports EU Member States and Schengen-associated countries in the management of the EU’s external borders and the fight against cross-border crime. Frontex is a centre of excellence for border control activities at the EU’s external borders, sharing intelligence and expertise with all Member States and with neighbouring non-EU countries affected by migratory trends and cross-border crime. With the standing corps, the European Union’s first uniformed law enforcement service, Frontex has transformed into an operational arm of the EU. Hundreds of officers are taking part in operations at the external borders of the European Union and beyond. They perform a variety of tasks such as border surveillance, fighting cross-border crime, and assisting in return operations. The officers stand together with national authorities to safeguard the Schengen Area, one of Europe’s greatest achievements.
European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)
The European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) is an agency of the European Union mandated with supporting Member States in applying the package of EU laws that governs asylum, international protection and reception conditions, known as the Common European Asylum System (CEAS).
European Union’s Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF)
The European Union’s Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) is set up for the period 2021-2027, with a total of EUR 9.88 billion. The Fund aims to further boost national capacities and improve procedures for migration management, as well as to enhance solidarity and responsibility sharing between Member States, in particular through emergency assistance and the relocation mechanism.
Die Grenzen der EU: Europäische Integration, „Schengen“ und die Kontrolle der Migration
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Dieses Open-Access-Buch blickt auf die Hintergründe der Politik der Freizügigkeit in Europa und diskutiert die Folgen. Die europäische Integration veränderte die Migrationsverhältnisse erheblich: Zwischen den EU-Mitgliedstaaten wurden unter dem Begriff der „Freizügigkeit“ Grenzübertritte sowie Arbeit und Niederlassung von Staatsangehörigen anderer Mitgliedsländer weitgehend erleichtert, Binnengrenzen verloren also an Bedeutung. Zugleich gewann die Frage des Umgangs mit einer gemeinsamen Außengrenze und der Migration von „Drittstaatsangehörigen“ an Gewicht. Das essential erklärt, warum Migration von außerhalb Europas zunehmend als Problem von Sicherheitspolitik verstanden wurde und wieso diese die Maßnahmen zur Ausgestaltung einer gemeinsamen Außengrenze bis heute bestimmt.
L’agenciarisation de la politique d’immigration et d’asile face aux enjeux de la « crise des réfugiés » en Méditerranée
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Sous l’effet de la combinaison inédite de facteurs politiques, économiques et sociaux, la Méditerranée est de ces lieux où l’histoire s’est, au cours des dernières décennies, emballée. C’est dans ce contexte que la « mer du milieu » est devenue l’épicentre de ce que l’on désigne par la formule très approximative de « crise des migrants ». Ces mouvements telluriques n’en sont probablement qu’à leurs prémices. La force d’évocation négative du syntagme suffit pourtant à éclairer la mise en tension de l’Union et des États qui la constituent. Confrontée à un défi dont on mesure qu’il met à l’épreuve l’unité même de l’Union, celle-ci a fait le choix, somme toute classique, de la novation institutionnelle. Pour anticiper, canaliser et gérer ces flux humains, elle s’est dotée en 2004 de Frontex, devenue l’Agence européenne de gardes-frontières et gardes-côtes. Cette évolution est la déclinaison dans le domaine migratoire d’une dynamique dont l’objet est de moderniser l’action publique afin d’en renforcer, dit-on, l’efficacité. On entre ainsi dans un monde où la qualité des institutions s’apprécie à l’aune de leur « performance » sans être certain que leur aptitude à respecter les droits fondamentaux compte au nombre des indicateurs pertinents. Au fond, la question est posée de savoir si l’Union est parvenue à trouver un point d’équilibre acceptable par l’ensemble de ses membres entre les impératifs de sauvegarde inhérents à sa qualité même d’espace démocratique et l’attractivité d’un éden que les damnés de la terre sont prêts à rejoindre quoi qu’il en coûte. S’affranchissant des analyses exclusivement disciplinaires, cet ouvrage nous fait pénétrer au cœur des contradictions qui minent le processus d’agenciarisation appréhendé au prisme de la « crise des migrants en Méditerranée ».
Les politiques migratoires en Europe: la gouvernance complexe de politiques régaliennes partagées et mondialisées; Danièle Lamarque; Politiques & management public; 2019; Volume 4; Numéro 4; pp. 431-442
Les politiques européennes de migration et d’asile touchent à de nombreux domaines de souveraineté, qui appellent l’intervention concomitante de l’Union et de ses États membres. La crise migratoire a révélé la complexité du cadre de mise en œuvre des responsabilités et des solutions entre ces différents niveaux. Elle met aussi en évidence l’inscription des questions migratoires dans un contexte plus large de relations internationales impliquant un plus grand nombre d’acteurs et de politiques.
La mise à l’épreuve de la légitimité narrative comme contrepartie de l’accès à la protection des mineurs non accompagnés; Noémie Paté; Migrations société; 2020;Volume 3; Numero 181; pp. 23-38
Quand les mineurs non accompagnés arrivent sur le territoire français, ils peuvent bénéficier de la protection de l’enfance sous réserve de passer par une procédure d’évaluation. Ils sont alors soumis à une épreuve de crédibilité narrative : ils doivent se raconter, mettre à nu leur histoire, leurs souvenirs, et ce tout en ayant le langage corporel d’un enfant aux yeux de ceux et celles qui les évaluent. À partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès des acteurs de cette sélection, cet article cherche à analyser cette interaction durant laquelle la légitimité narrative est mise à l’épreuve, et au terme de laquelle c’est la légitimité de l’évaluation qui peut être invalidée.
Migrations : risques et opportunités futurs pour l’Europe; Steffen Angenendt
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L’Europe et le monde en 2020: Essai de prospective franco-allemande
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La politique migratoire de l'Union européenne à l'épreuve des droits fondamentaux: thèse; Saida Kamouna; 2021
L’action de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne pour la protection des droits fondamentaux face à la répression des migrations irrégulières: thèse; Roberto Angrisani; 2020
Migration et pacte européen: à qui profite le statu quo? Thèse; Virginie Guiraudon; 2021
Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute (EUI)
The mission of the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute (EUI) is to conduct advanced research on the transnational governance of international migration, asylum and mobility. It provides new ideas, rigorous and critical thinking to inform major European and global policy debates.
Chatham House research helps facilitate dialogue between an increasingly diverse group of actors influencing refugee and migration policy globally, enhancing cooperation and contributing to the identification of practical solutions. Chatham House’s mission is to help governments and societies build a sustainably secure, prosperous and just world.
OECD International Migration Database
OECD International Migration Database and labour market outcomes of immigrants.
Asylum Information Database (AIDA)
Is a database managed by the European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), containing information on asylum procedures, reception conditions, detention and content of international protection across 23 countries. This includes 19 European Union (EU) Member States (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Germany, Spain, France, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovenia) and 4 non[1]EU countries (Switzerland, Serbia, Türkiye, United Kingdom).
This constantly growing database accumulates and structures relevant knowledge in the field of migration. The database contains information on UNHCR's populations of concern from 1951 onwards. It can be used to investigate different aspects of displacement: host countries and countries of origin, status (refugees, asylum seekers, returned refugees, internally displaced persons (IDP), protected/assisted by UNHCR, returned IDPs, stateless persons, etc.), evolution over time, etc. The dataset covers more than 180 countries. Information like age and sex are also recorded. The data can be easily filtered by single or multiple variables.
National Asylum Developments Database
The National Asylum Developments Database presents legislative, institutional and policy developments related to asylum since 2018. Searches can be narrowed down by: Country, Year, Type of development: legislative, institutional or policy, Thematic area: access to procedure, access to information, legal assistance and representation, interpretation services, special procedures, procedures at first instance, reception of applicants for international protection, detention, procedures at second instance, country of origin information, statelessness in the asylum context, content of protection, return of former applicants, resettlement and humanitarian admission programmes.
The Portal aims to serve as a unique access point to timely, comprehensive migration statistics and reliable information about migration data globally. The site is designed to help policy makers, national statistics officers, journalists and the general public interested in the field of migration to navigate the increasingly complex landscape of international migration data, currently scattered across different organisations and agencies. The Portal was launched in December 2017 and is managed and developed by IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC), with the guidance of its Advisory Board, and was supported in its conception by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
The Challenge of Migration in a Janus-Faced Europe
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This book critically investigates the origins and consequences of the Janus-faced character of attitudes and policies towards migrants that seek to penetrate "Fortress Europe". Beginning with an examination of its founding ambitions, it locates the roots of an ingrained ambivalence in the legacies of the post-war period and the unresolved tension between the economicism of the European approach to labour migration and the philosophy of rights and solidarity embedded in the EU project. It highlights how the formalization of citizenship rights has produced both formal pathways towards inclusion for migrants and, in their selective eligibility criteria, exclusive systems of civic stratification. The author links this oscillation between positions of closure and openness to the paradoxical trade-offs in migration policies, in particular labour market integration, demonstrated through unequal labour market outcomes, lower social mobility and educational attainments. The issues faced by migrants' offspring in Europe are examined as paradigmatic of the struggle to balance competing calls for both pluralism and uniformity: to create a diverse society that can also project a homogenous collective identity. This balanced overview will provide an invaluable resource for students of migration studies, European politics, public policy, international relations and the sociology of racism.
Human Security and Migration in Europe's Southern Borders
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This book examines the management of migratory flows in the Mediterranean within an international security perspective. The intense migratory flows registered during the year 2015 and the tragedies in the Mediterranean Sea have tested the mechanisms of the Union's immigration and asylum policies and its ability to respond to humanitarian crises. Moreover, these flows of varying intensities and geographies represent a threat to the internal security of the EU and its member states. By using Spain and Italy as case studies, the author theorizes that the EU, given its inability to adopt and implement a common policy to effectively manage migratory flows on its Southern border, uses a deterrence strategy based on minimum common denominators.
Migrants Before the Law
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This book traces the practices of migration control and its contestation in the European migration regime in times of intense politicization. The collaboratively written work brings together the perspectives of state agents, NGOs, migrants with precarious legal status, and their support networks, collected through multi-sited fieldwork in eight European states: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden and Switzerland. The book provides knowledge of how European migration law is implemented, used, and challenged by different actors, and of how it lends and constrains power over migrants’ journeys and prospects. An ethnography of law in action, the book contributes to socio-legal scholarship on migration control at the margins of the state.
A European Crisis: Perspectives on Refugees, Solidarity, and Europe
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This is a book about the crisis of the European integration project as seen from the vantage point of people's movements across and to the European continent. But why should the issue of refugees or of migration have anything to do with the dynamics of the integration or disintegration of the European Union? If anything, the existing global refugee protection regime was conceived in Europe at about the time when Europe began to integrate: It was seen as a moral imperative in the context of European solidarity and in the face of crisis. How did refugee protection become so controversial as to usher in a crisis of its own? Why do European governments and their peoples see refugees and migrants as the cause of a crisis in and of Europe? Solidarity, legitimacy, democracy, welfare, rights: How has refugee migration undermined European positions on all that has defined EU integration so far? This collection engages with these questions by focusing on the construction of the crisis narrative, offering an insight into distinctly European perspectives on and analyses of political responses to refugees, migration, and economic challenges. The aim of the volume is to provide an empirical and thematic context for understanding the link between refugee migration and the overpowering perception of Europe in crisis.
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